Polymorphism concepts in python with example

• Polymorphism word is made Greek words poly(many) and morphism(shape/forms).
• It means we can use same method/function name  for different types.
• We generally uses two types of polymorphism in c++,java ,c# etc.But python support only one polymorphism that is called run-time polymorphism.

Types of Polymorphism :-

1. Compile time polymorphism (e.g. method overloading)
2. Run-time polymorphism (e.g. method overriding)

  1.) Compile time polymorphism:- 

• It is used for method overloading.
• It support compile-time binding.Python  does not support compile time polymorphism.
• In this, class ,method and object are bind at compile time.

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Inheritance Concepts in python with example

There are some important points to define inheritance concepts in python.

• Inheritance is the most important concept of object-oriented programming  language.It simulates the real world concepts of inheritance.
• In inheritance, a new class called derived class can be created to inherit features of an existing class called base class.
• Base class is also known as super class or parent class.
• Derived class is also know as sub class or child class.
• In inheritance,when we create the object of child class.Then this child class object acquires all the properties and behaviors of the parent object. 
• Inheritance concept provide the re-usability of code.

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oops concepts in python with real life example

•  OOP(object oriented programming) is used to solve the problems with the help of  classes and objects.
• Python is an object oriented programming language like c++,java and c#.
• We can easily develop the applications using this object oriented approach.
• An object oriented paradigm is used to design the program using using classes and objects.
• This oops concepts in python focuses on creating reusable code.

There are some major concepts is used in oops(object -oriented programming system) as given below.

1. class 
2. object
3. method
4. Inheritance
5. Polymorphism
6. Encapsulation
7. Abstraction

1.) Class:

• A class is a blue print of an object.
• A class is a collection of data and methods

More Details...

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Constructor concepts in python with examples

 A Constructor is a special type of method which is used to initialize the object of the class.In c++ and java ,the constructor is the same name as its class.But in python,it is different .Hence we use __init__() as a special method to simulates the constructor of the class.This special method is called when the object of the class is created.

• The __init__() method accepts the self keyword as a first argument which is used to access the methods or attributes of the class.
• We can pass the any number of arguments at the time of object creation according to definition of __init__() method.
• The constructors are mainly used to initialize the class attributes.
• In python,every class must have a constructor even it may be a default constructor.

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Classes and Objects Concepts in Python

Python classes and objects

Python is an object oriented programming language .Every things in python treated as an object.python supports structured as well as object oriented programming language paradigms.

• A class contains data and  methods that can access or manipulate this data.Thus a class is a collection of data and methods.A class is a blueprint (prototype) of an object. Thus a class lets us bundle data and functionality together.
• A user-defined blueprint/prototype for an object is known as class.example : House is an object where blueprint/prototype/model of house is known as a Class.
• A class is generic in nature,whereas an object is specific in nature.
• We can create many objects from one class.We can easily access the class member with the help of these objects.
• An object is also an instance of a class The process of creating this object  is called instantiation
• We can  also create our own classes.These are often called user defined data types but we generally uses ready-made classes in python.

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Arrays Concept in Python With Examples

Python Arrays 

• An array is a collection of elements that are stored in contiguous memory locations.
• An array holds fixed number of elements of the same data types.
• An array can store multiple elements of the same data types.
• An array is used to store multiple values in single variable.

e.g.

arr_val1="horse"

arr_val2="lion"

arr_val3="man"

• An array in python can be handled a module named array
  

e.g.

import array as aar

Representation of array:-

An array can be declared in different ways and different languages.Here We are going to declared the array in python language. 

• Python array starts with 0 index.
• Python array's elements can be accessed via its index.
• The length of an array = total number of index+1.

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Modules and Package Concepts in Python

 Today, we will learn about most important concepts of modules in python.

Modules in Python:-

• A modules is a .py files containing definitions and statements. So all .py files that we created for our python programs are modules.
• A python modules can be defined a python program file which contains .py files including python variable , class and functions etc.
• A python modules provides us the flexibility to organize the code in a logical way.

e.g. Create a modules named as modules.py

def show ():
    print("Welcome to MNT LAB")
#calling the show() function
show()

Output:-

Welcome to MNT LAB

>>> 

The Main Modules:-

• When we execute a program its module name is __main__.
• This name is available in the variable __name__.
• This technique is executed only when we run program directly and not executed when imported as a module.
• When we run any python codes ,python interpreter start interpreting the codes inside it. At that time it sets some implicit variable values like math, random etc. ,one of them is __name__ whose value set as __main__.
• If the program source file imported as a module , At that situation interpreter sets the __name__ value to module name. Then this main  method will not work.

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