Dictionary concepts in python

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What is Dictionary:

  • Dictionary is a collection of key-value pairs.It is used to store the data in a key-value pairs.It is used to store the data in key-value format.
  • Dictionaries are indexed by keys.
  • Dictionary is the data type in python.
  • Dictionaries are mutable.So we can perform add/delete/modify operations on a dictionary.
  • The keys must be a single element in dictionary.
  • The values can be any type such as list,tuple,integer etc.
  • Dictionaries are also known as maps or associative arrays.
  • The keys in a dictionary must must be unique and immutable.So number,strings and tuples can be used as keys.
  • Though key values are unique,different keys may have same value.

Creating the dictionary

  • The dictionary can be created using multiple key:value pairs enclosed with curly brackets {}.
  • e.g.

    dict={}#create empty dictionary
    student={'101':"Ram",'102':"Rames",'103':"Sita",'101':"Sachin",}
    employee={1:"Rajesh",2:"Kiran",3:"Morgon",4:"David"}
    print(type(dict))
    print(type(student))
    print(type(employee))
    print(student)
    print(employee)
    
    Output:-

    <class 'dict'>

    <class 'dict'>

    <class 'dict'>

    {'101': 'Sachin', '102': 'Rames', '103': 'Sita'}

    {1: 'Rajesh', 2: 'Kiran', 3: 'Morgon', 4: 'David'}

    >>> 

    Descriptions:-

    • In student dictionary key values are '101','102','103','104' which are a string value and unique in given dictionary We already know that string are immutable.
    • In employee dictionary key values  are numeric number 1,2,3,4 which are unique and immutable.

    Creating dictionary using built-in function dict() :-

    Python provides the built-in function dict() which is used to create the dictionary as shown below:-

    e.g.

    student={}#create empty dictionary
    print(student)
    student=dict({'101':"Horse",'102':"Lion",'103':"Cow",'104':"Dog"})
    print(student)
    

    Output:-

    {}

    {'101': 'Horse', '102': 'Lion', '103': 'Cow', '104': 'Dog'}

    >>>

    Creating dictionary using dict() method with each item as a pair:-

    e.g.

    
    employee=dict([(1,'ram'),(2,'sita'),(3,'sachin'),(4,'neha')])
    print(employee)
    

    Output:-

    {1: 'ram', 2: 'sita', 3: 'sachin', 4: 'neha'}

    >>> 

    Creating dictionary using dict() method with the help of list:-

    e.g.

    list1=[10,20,30,40,50]
    number=dict.fromkeys(list1,400) #all values set to 400
    print(number)
    

    Output:-

    {10: 400, 20: 400, 30: 400, 40: 400, 50: 400}

    >>>

    Accessing the dictionary elements

    • Dictionary element can be accessed using key as an index.
    e.g.

    emp={'A101':'Ram','A102':'kiran','A103':'Neha','A104':'shyam',}
    print(emp['A101'])   
    print(emp['A102'])
    print(emp['A103'])
    print(emp['A104'])
    

    Output:-

    Ram

    kiran

    Neha

    shyam

    >>> 

    • Dictionary can be iterated over in three ways:-

    e.g.

    student={'Name':'Ramesh','Age':30,'Salary':30000,'Company':'MNT LAB'}
    #Iterate over key-value pairs
    print("Iterate over key-value pairs...")
    for k,v in student.items():
        print(k,v)
        
    #iterate over keys
    print(" ")
    print("iterate over keys....")    
    for k in student.keys():
        print(k)
    #iterate over keys-shorter way
    print(" ")
    print("iterate over keys-shorter way...")    
    for k in student:
        print(k)
    #iterate over values
    print(" ")    
    print("iterate over values....")    
    for v in student.values():
        print(v)
    

    Output:-

    Iterate over key-value pairs...

    Name Ramesh

    Age 30

    Salary 30000

    Company MNT LAB

     

    iterate over keys....

    Name

    Age

    Salary

    Company

     

    iterate over keys-shorter way...

    Name

    Age

    Salary

    Company

     

    iterate over values....

    Ramesh

    30

    30000

    MNT LAB

    >>> 

    • Dictionaries are mutable .so we can perform add,delete and modify operations on a dictionary.Dictionaries values can be updated using the specific keys.
    • In dictionary update() method is used to update on existing value.If the key-value pair already present in dictionary,the value gets updated otherwise new key-value added in the dictionary.

    e.g.

    #creating empty dictionary
    emp={}
    print(emp)
    #adding elements in dictionary
    emp[0]='Ram'
    emp[1]='Sita'
    emp[2]='Karan'
    emp[3]='Sachin'
    emp[4]='Rajesh'
    emp[5]='Suresh'
    print("printing the dictionary after addition..")
    print(emp)
    print(" ")
    #Adding set of values using single key that is not present in emp dictionary
    emp['company']='MNT','HP','HCL','WIPRO'
    print("printing the dictionary after extra element in dictionary")
    print(emp)
    print(" ")
    #Updating the existing key values
    print("Printing after updating key value")
    emp[0]='Sachin'
    emp[3]='Manish'
    print(emp)
    print(" ")
    #deleting the dictionary element using del keyword
    print("deleting the dictionary element using del keyword")
    del emp['company']
    print("Printing after delete the some emp data...")
    print(emp)
    del(emp)
    print("Printing after delete the complete emp data...")
    print(emp)
    

    Output:-

    {}

    printing the dictionary after addition..

    {0: 'Ram', 1: 'Sita', 2: 'Karan', 3: 'Sachin', 4: 'Rajesh', 5: 'Suresh'}

     

    printing the dictionary after extra element in dictionary

    {0: 'Ram', 1: 'Sita', 2: 'Karan', 3: 'Sachin', 4: 'Rajesh', 5: 'Suresh', 'company': ('MNT', 'HP', 'HCL', 'WIPRO')}

     

    Printing after updating key value

    {0: 'Sachin', 1: 'Sita', 2: 'Karan', 3: 'Manish', 4: 'Rajesh', 5: 'Suresh', 'company': ('MNT', 'HP', 'HCL', 'WIPRO')}

     

    deleting the dictionary element using del keyword

    Printing after delete the some emp data...

    {0: 'Sachin', 1: 'Sita', 2: 'Karan', 3: 'Manish', 4: 'Rajesh', 5: 'Suresh'}

    Printing after delete the complete emp data...

    Traceback (most recent call last):

      File "C:\Users\RAMASHANKER VERMA\Desktop\dictionary.py", line 33, in <module>

        print(emp)

    NameError: name 'emp' is not defined

    • Deleting the dictionary values using pop() method.
    e.g.
    student={1:'HCL',2:'NOKIA',3:'SUMSANG',4:'Wipro',5:'Microsoft',101:'HP'}
    print(student)
    #deleting keys using pop() method
    student.pop(2)
    student.pop(101)
    print(student)
    

    Output:-

    {1: 'HCL', 2: 'NOKIA', 3: 'SUMSANG', 4: 'Wipro', 5: 'Microsoft', 101: 'HP'}

    {1: 'HCL', 3: 'SUMSANG', 4: 'Wipro', 5: 'Microsoft'}

    >>> 

    Note:-pop() method accepts key as a argument and remove the associated value.

    • len(dict):-It returns number of key-value pairs(length of dictionary).
    e.g.
    student={1:'HCL',2:'NOKIA',3:'SUMSANG',4:'Wipro',5:'Microsoft',101:'HP'}
    a=len(student)
    print(a)
    

    Output:-

    6

    >>>

    • max(dict):-It returns maximum key-value in dictionary.

    e.g.

    student={1:'HCL',2:'NOKIA',3:'SUMSANG',4:'Wipro',5:'Microsoft',101:'HP'}
    a=len(student)
    print(a)
    

    Output:-

    101

    >>> 

    • min(dict):-It returns minimum key-value in dictionary.

    e.g.

    student={1:'HCL',2:'NOKIA',3:'SUMSANG',4:'Wipro',5:'Microsoft',101:'HP'}
    a=min(student)
    print(a)
    

    Output:-

    1

    >>>

    • str(dict):-It is used to convert the dictionary into printable string.

    e.g.

    student={1:'HCL',2:'NOKIA',3:'SUMSANG',4:'Wipro',5:'Microsoft',101:'HP'}
    a=str(student)
    print(a)
    

    Output:-

    {1: 'HCL', 2: 'NOKIA', 3: 'SUMSANG', 4: 'Wipro', 5: 'Microsoft', 101: 'HP'}

    >>> 

    • cmp(dict1,dict2):-It is used to compare the number of items of both dictionary.It return True ,if the number of values of first dictionary are greater than the second dictionary otherwise it returns False. cmp not supported in python 3.0 and above version.

    Dictionary Functions:-

    There are many dictionary methods.Many of the operations performed by them can also be performed by the built-in functions.The useful dictionary function are shown below:-

    • dict.clear():-It is used to clear all the dictionary values.
    e.g.

    dict1={101:'Ram',102:'Sachin',103:'sita',104:'devid'}
    dict1.clear()
    print(dict1)
    

    Output:-

    {}

    >>> 

    • dict.copy():-It returns the shallow copy of the given dictionary.This method does not take any parameter.

    e.g.

    dict1={101:'Ram',102:'Sachin',103:'sita',104:'david'}
    dict2=dict1.copy()
    print(dict2)
    

    Output:-

    {101: 'Ram', 102: 'Sachin', 103: 'sita', 104: 'devid'}

    >>>

    Difference between copy() and equal(=) operator in dictionary:-

    There are some differences in between them.

    1.) When we use copy() method with dictionary(dict1). we  generate a new copy of dictionary(dict2).When new dictionary(dict2) is cleared then new dictionary(dict2) remains unchanged.
    e.g.
    dict1={101:'Ram',102:'Sachin',103:'sita',104:'david'}
    dict2=dict1.copy()
    dict2.clear()
    print(dict1)
    print(dict2)
    
    Output:-
    {101: 'Ram', 102: 'Sachin', 103: 'sita', 104: 'david'}
    {}
    >>>
      2.) When we use equal operator(=) to generate a new dictionary(dict2).Then a new reference to the original dictionary is created.When we cleared new dictionary(dict2),the original dictionary (dict1) also cleared automatically.
    e.g.
    dict1={101:'Ram',102:'Sachin',103:'sita',104:'david'}
    dict2=dict1
    dict2.clear()
    print(dict1)
    print(dict2)
    
    Output:-
    {}
    {}
    >>> 

    • dict1.update(dict2):-It is used to update the one dictionary values from other dictionary values.
    e.g.
    dict1={1:'HCL',2:'NOKIA',3:'SUMSANG',4:'Wipro',5:'Microsoft',101:'HP'}
    dict2={101:'Ram',102:'Sachin',103:'sita',104:'david'}
    dict1.update(dict2)
    print(dict1)
    

    Output:-

    {1: 'HCL', 2: 'NOKIA', 3: 'SUMSANG', 4: 'Wipro', 5: 'Microsoft', 101: 'Ram', 102: 'Sachin', 103: 'sita', 104: 'david'}

    >>> 

    • dict.items():-It returns all the type-value pair as a tuple.This method does not take any argument.
    e.g.

    dict1={101:'Ram',102:'Sachin',103:'sita',104:'david'}
    a=dict1.items()
    print(a)
    

    Output:-

    dict_items([(101, 'Ram'), (102, 'Sachin'), (103, 'sita'), (104, 'david')])

    >>> 

    • dict.keys():-It returns list of all keys in given dictionary.

    e.g.

    dict1={101:'Ram',102:'Sachin',103:'sita',104:'david'}
    a=dict1.keys()
    print(a)
    

    Output:-

    dict_keys([101, 102, 103, 104])

    >>> 

    • dict.values():-It returns list of all values in given dictionary.
    e.g.
    dict1={101:'Ram',102:'Sachin',103:'sita',104:'david'}
    a=dict1.values()
    print(a)
    

    Output:-

    dict_values(['Ram', 'Sachin', 'sita', 'david'])

    >>> 

    Program 1:Write a program to create a dictionary and insert some values by user.

    student={}
    print(type(student))
    print(student)
    print("Enter the given student details:")
    student["name"]=input("Enter the student name: ")
    student["roll_number"]=int(input("Enter the student roll_number: "))
    student["age"]=int(input("Enter the student age: "))
    student["salary"]=int(input("Enter the student salary: "))
    student["company"]=input("Enter the student company name: ")
    print("student details is printing...")
    print(student)
    

    Output:-

    <class 'dict'>

    {}

    Enter the given student details:

    Enter the student name: Ram

    Enter the student roll_number: 1201005

    Enter the student age: 35

    Enter the student salary: 25000

    Enter the student company name: MNT LAB

    student details is printing...

    {'name': 'Ram', 'roll_number': 1201005, 'age': 35, 'salary': 25000, 'company': 'MNT LAB'}

    >>> 

    Watch Complete Lecture 28 Video:

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