There are many solutions for a particular problem.Means, For one problem we can design more than one algorithms.But how to find which algorithms are good and which are bad.
There are two ways to find the Ideal Algorithms for any particular problem as given below:-
Time:-An algorithm is good which takes less time.
Space:-An algorithm is good which takes less space(storage).
The efficiency of any algorithms fully dependent on time,space and other resources which are needed to execute any algorithms.
Asymptotic Notations:-
Asymptotic notations are the mathematical notations.It is used to represent the complexity of algorithms.This allows us to analyze an algorithm's running time and its behaviors. There are mainly three asymptotic notations to find the complexity of algorithms as given below:-
An algorithm is a finite lists of instructions in sequence to solve the computation problems.
An algorithm is a step by step of finite number of process to solve the problems.You can write the algorithms in any language which is understandable to the persons (programmers)
In Real life,an algorithm is a recipe for any cooking dish.
Characteristics of Algorithms:-
There are following characteristics of any algorithms as given below.
There are some operational functions for the strings as given below:-
1.) split() :-The split() function is used to split(breaks up) at a specified separator and returns a list of strings.
Syntax
string.split(separator,maxsplit)
The split function takes maximum two parameters as given below:-
Separator:-This is an optional parameter.If separator is specified ,the string split at this specified separator.If separator is not specified ,the string is split at white space (space,newline,coma etc.) separator.
maxsplit:-This is also an optional parameter.The maxsplit is used to define maximum number of splits. The default value of max split is -1 ,means no limit of number of splits.
There are some search and replace functions operations in strings as given below:- 1.) find():- The find() function returns the index value of the string where the substring is found between start index and end index.start index and end index is optional parameter.
If substring is present in given string then this function returns the index of the first occurrence of the substring.
If the substring is not exist inside the string then it returns -1 index
String operations in python: There are many Built-in string function available in python language.Here We will learn content test functions with examples as given below:- 1.) isalpha() :-It returns True ,if all characters in the string are alphabets otherwise False. The alphabets can be lower case and upper case both.This function doesn't take any parameters.If string contains a white space or any numeric value then this function returns False. Syntax:- String.isalpha()
String operators in Python:-There are some operators used to perform some basic operations on strings.
+ (plus) operator):-it is known as concatenation operator.it is used to concatenate two or more strings in python language.
e.g.
str1="Welcome to"
str2="MNT LAB"
str3="msdotnet"
str=str1+str2
print("Concatenate the two string: ",str)
print("Concatenate the two string: ",str1+' '+str3)
Output of Above Python program Concatenate the two string: Welcome toMNT LAB Concatenate the two string: Welcome to msdotnet
Operators are special symbols in python which are responsible for a particular operation between two or more operands.Operators are more helpful for doing operations between two operands.We will learn everything about different type of operators in python with examples. e.g.
a=5;b=6;
c=a+b
print("value of a+b= ",c)
Output of above program:-
value of a+b= 11 Descriptions:- In above program operators --> =,+ operands --> a,b,c There are many variety of operators present in python as follows:-
The print() function is used for sending the output to the screen.It is used to display the output of any variables like string,list,tuple,set,dictionary,etc.Print() function is a built-in function in python language. Syntax:- print(*objects,sep=' ',end='\n',file=sys.stdout,flush=False) Descriptions:- 1.)objects:-The object can be Integer,Float,string,list,tuple,set,etc. e.g.
a=234
b='ram'
list=[1,2,3,4,5,6]
tuple=(1,2,3,4,5,6)
dictionary={'a':'apple','b':'bag','c':'cat','d':'dog'}
set={'a','e','i','o','u'}
print("value of a=",a)
print("value of b=",b)
print("value of list=",list)
print("value of tuple=",tuple)
print("value of dictionary=",dictionary)
print("value of set=",set)
print("value of 12*45=",12*45)
output of the above python program:-
value of a= 234
value of b= ram
value of list= [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
value of tuple= (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
value of dictionary= {'a': 'apple', 'b': 'bag', 'c': 'cat', 'd': 'dog'}
value of set= {'o', 'e', 'i', 'a', 'u'}
value of 12*45= 540
2.)sep=' ' :-This parameter is used to give space between multiple objects.You an use this parameter other than space also.It will be shown in below programs.
e.g.
a=5
b=6
c=24
d=60
e='ram'
f='sita'
print("value of a,b,c,d=",a,b,c,d)
print("value of a,b,c,d=",a,b,c,d,sep=' ')
print("value of a,b,c,d=",a,b,c,d,sep=',')
print("value of a,b,c,d=",a,b,c,d,sep='\n')
print("value of e,f =",e+' '+f)
output of the above python program:- value of a,b,c,d= 5 6 24 60 value of a,b,c,d= 5 6 24 60 value of a,b,c,d=,5,6,24,60 value of a,b,c,d= 5 6 24 60 value of e,f = ram sita 3.)end=' \n' :-It means,when we call print () function each time.it will end at a new line.In python by default ,print() function always ends at a new line.You can change it. i will see in the programs.
Literal is defined as a raw data that is given in a variable or constant. There are various types of Literals in python as given below:-
Numeric Literals
String Literals
Boolean Literals
Special Literals
Collections Literals
1.)Numeric Literals:- Numeric Literals are immutable(unchangeable).There are three different numerical types integer, Float and complex present in Numeric Literals.
e.g.
Integer Literals:-
a=0b1111 #binary Literal
b=400 #decimal Literal
c=0o62 #octal Literal
d=0x66 #hexadecimal Literal
print("value of a=",a)
print("value of b=",b)
print("value of c=",c)
print("value of d=",d)
Output of above Python codes:-
value of a= 15 value of b= 400 value of c= 50 value of d= 102
Note:-
In above program .I have assigned different literals(binary,decimal,octal and hexadecimal) in different variables(a,b,c,d).
When we run the program,all literal values convert into decimal values.
e.g.
Float Literals:-Real numbers with integer and fractional part.
float_a=20.12
float_b=26e2
float_c=12.43
print("value of float_a=",float_a)
print("value of float_b=",float_b)
print("value of float_c=",float_c)
Output of above Python codes:-
value of float_a= 20.12 value of float_b= 2600.0 value of float_c= 12.43
e.g
Complex Number:
c=3+12.25j
print('complex number c=',c)
print('complex number real value=',c.real)
print('complex number imaginary value=',c.imag)
Output of above Python codes:-
complex number c= (3+12.25j) complex number real value= 3.0 complex number imaginary value= 12.25
2.) String Literals:- A string Literal can be generated by enclosing the text in the quotes.we can use both quotes(single,double as well as triple) for a string.
e.g.
a='i am a student' # string literals
b="hello friends !"
c='''How are you'''
d='c' #character literal
e="""welcome #multi line string
To
My website:
https://www.msdotnet.co.in """
f= r"raw''\nvalues" #raw string
g=u"\u00dcnic\u00f6de" #unicode string
print('value of a=',a)
print('value of b=',b)
print('value of c=',c)
print('value of d=',d)
print('value of e=',e)
print('value of f=',f)
print('value of g=',g)
Output of above Python codes:- value of a= i am a student value of b= hello friends ! value of c= How are you value of d= c value of e= welcome #multi line string To My website https://www.msdotnet.co.in value of f= raw''\nvalues value of g= Ünicöde
3.) Boolean Literals:-A Boolean literals have only two values:true or false.
a=(True==1)
b=(False==0)
c=(True+10)
d=(False+20)
e=(False==1)
print('value of a=',a)
print('value of b=',b)
print('value of c=',c)
print('value of d=',d)
print('value of e=',e)
Output of above Python codes:-
value of a= True value of b= True value of c= 11 value of d= 20 value of e= False
4.) Special Literals :- Python contains one special literal i.e. None. we use this literal(None) that field is not created.
5.) Collection Literals:-There are four different types of collection literal :
List
Tuple
Sets
Dictionary
List,Tuple,set,dictionary literals:-List contains items of different data types.list are mutable(changeable).
e.g.
0 1 2 3 4 5
list_1=['ram','sita',200,35.45,105,0b101] # list contains different types of values
#we can retrieve list value using slice operator([] and [:])
list_2=list_1[0:3]
list_3=list_1[2:5]
list_4=[]
# + sign is used to concatenation(add) two list and * sign is used for repetition .
list_a=['ram','20','12.32']
list_b=['sita','mohan',500]
list_c=(list_a)+(list_b)
list_d=(list_a)*2
list_e=(list_b)*2
tuple=(1,2,3,4,5,6)
dictionary={'a':'apple','b':'bag','c':'cat','d':'dog'}
set={'a','e','i','o','u'}
print(list_1)
print(list_2)
print(list_3)
print(list_4)
print(list_c)
print(list_d)
print(list_d)
print(tuple)
print(dictionary)
print(set)
Special Notes:- Input () built-in function:- This function(or method) reads a line from console input,converts into a string and return it. This function is more important in python to read a input line from console(prompt). e.g.
a=int(input("Enter the First value:"))
b=int(input("Enter the second value:"))
sum=a+b
multi=a*b
print("your sum of a and b =",sum)
print("your multi of a and b =",multi)
c=input("Enter Your name: ")
print("my name is= ",c)
print("Your best friend's name: ")
d=input()
print("my friend's name="+d)
Output of above Python codes:-
Enter the First value:10 Enter the second value:20 your sum of a and b = 30 your multi of a and b = 200 Enter Your name: RAM my name is= RAM Your best friend's name: MOHAN my friend's name=MOHAN Watch Complete Lecture Video:-
There are many built-in functions available in Python Language. We can use this functions in any program and make your program easy.Here we will learn some important mathematical functions and use it in python programs. Built-in Mathematical functions:-
pow(x,y) #value of x raised to y
abs(x) #absolute value of x
min(x1,x2) #smallest value
max(x1,x2) #largest value
divmod(x,y) #return a pair(x//y,x%y)
bin(x) # binary value
oct(x) # octal value
hex(x) #hexadecimal value
round(x[,n]) # x rounded to n digit after decimal point
sum(number,start) #sum function contains two arguments,start is optional argument.
any(x) # it returns True or false value,x can be list,string , dictionary etc.
all(x) # it returns True or false value .x can be list , string , dictionary etc.
ascii(object) # it return a string,it takes arguments like integer string,list,etc
bool(value) # bool() function takes a single parameter,it return True OR False
complex(a,b) #It returns a complex number.it takes integer value only.
Python Program to implement above functions:-
pow(2,3) # 8 will be(x^y) returned
print("power value is=",pow(2,3))
pow(-2,2) # 4 will be(x^y) returned
print("power value is=",pow(-2,2))
pow(-1,-2) # 1.0 will be(x^y) returned
print("power value is=",pow(-1,-2))
pow(2.5,2) # 6.25 will be(x^y) returned
print("power value is=",pow(2.5,2))
pow(5,3,4) # 1 will be [(x**y)%z] returned
print("power value is=",pow(5,3,4))
abs(-20) #integer absolute value is returned
print("absolute value is=",abs(-20))
abs(-10.55) #float absolute value is returned
print("absolute value is=",abs(-10.55))
abs(2-3j) #magnitude of the number is returned
print("absolute value is=",abs(2-3j))
min(5,-8) # minimum value -8 is returned
print("minimum value is=",min(5,-8))
list1=[2,3,-2,5,9] # minimum value -2 is returned
min(list1)
print("minimum value is=",min(list1))
list2=['ram','mohan','abc'] #least ordered alphabet is returned
min(list2)
print("minimum value is=",min(list2))
dic={1:3,2:4,3:-1} #minimum key value will print of dictionary
min(dic)
print("minimum value is=",min(dic))
max(-8,7) # maximum value 7 is returned
print("maximum value is=",max(-8,7))
list1=[2,3,-2,5,9] # maximum value 9 is returned
max(list1)
print("maximum value is=",max(list1))
list2=['ram','mohan','abc'] #maximum ordered alphabet is returned
max(list2)
print("maximum value is=",max(list2))
dic={1:3,2:4,3:-1} #maximum key value will print of dictionary
max(dic)
print("maximum value is=",max(dic))
divmod(5,2) #5//2 and 5%2 will be returned
print("divmod value is=",divmod(5,2))
divmod(5.7,2.5) #5//2 and 5%2 will be returned
print("divmod value is=",divmod(5.7,2.5))
bin(5) # bin()fuction can contains three arguments(integer,octal,hexadecimal)
bin(0o5)
bin(0x5)
print("binary value is=",bin(5),bin(0o5),bin(0x5))
oct(5) # oct()fuction can contains three arguments(integer,binary,hexadecimal)
oct(0b101)
oct(0x5)
print("octal value is=",oct(5),oct(0b101),oct(0x5))
hex(5) # hex()fuction can contains three arguments(integer,octal,binary)
hex(0b101)
hex(0o5)
print("hexadecimal value is=",hex(5),hex(0b101),hex(0o5))
round(10) # it rounds 0 decimal palace,default value of round is 0(zero)
print("round value is=",round(10))
round(10.5)
print("round value is=",round(10.5))
round(10.5678,2)
print("round value is=",round(10.5678,2))
round(10.78432,3)
print("round value is=",round(10.78432,3))
#sum(number,start) #sum function contains two arguments,start is optional argument.
number=[1,2,3,4,-1]
sum(number)
print("sum value is=",sum(number))
sum(number,10) #add the value from left to right
print("sum value is=",sum(number,10))
#any(x) # it returns True or false value .x can be list,string,dictionary etc.
x=[1,2,3,4]
any(x)
print("any value is=",any(x))
x=[0,False]
any(x)
print("any value is=",any(x))
x=[0,False,3,4]
any(x)
print("any value is=",any(x))
x=''
any(x)
print("any value is=",any(x))
#all(x) # it returns True or false value .x can be list,string,dictionary etc.
x=[1,2,3,4]
all(x)
print("all value is=",all(x))
x=[0,False]
all(x)
print("all value is=",all(x))
x=[0,False,3,4]
all(x)
print("all value is=",all(x))
x=''
all(x)
print("all value is=",all(x))
#ascii(object) # it return a string,it takes arguments like integer string,list,etc.
str='i am a student'
ascii(str)
print("ascii value is=",ascii(str))
str1="i am 'a' student"
ascii(str)
print("ascii value is=",ascii(str))
ascii(12)
print("ascii value is=",ascii(str))
#bool(value) # bool() function takes a single parameter,it return True OR False
str=[1,2,3]
bool(str)
print("bool value is=",bool(str))
str=[]
bool(str)
print("bool value is=",bool(str))
str='0'
bool(str)
print("bool value is=",bool(str))
str=''
bool(str)
print("bool value is=",bool(str))
#complex number
real=2
imag=3
print('complex number =',complex(real,imag))
print('complex number =',complex(1.5,3.5))
print('complex number =',complex('2'))
#print('complex number =',complex('2','3')) #can't take second argument if first is string
c=4+5j
print('complex number Real part =',c.real)
print('complex number Real part =',c.imag)
print('complex number conjugate =',c.conjugate())
#mathematical operations in complex number
c1=4+6j
c2=1+2j
print('addition of two complex number=',c1+c2)
print('subtractions of two complex number=',c1-c2)
print('multiplication of two complex number=',c1*c2)
print('division of two complex number=',c1/c2)
Python Program Output:-
power value is= 8 power value is= 4 power value is= 1.0 power value is= 6.25 power value is= 1 absolute value is= 20 absolute value is= 10.55 absolute value is= 3.605551275463989 minimum value is= -8 minimum value is= -2 minimum value is= abc minimum value is= 1 maximum value is= 7 maximum value is= 9 maximum value is= ram maximum value is= 3 divmod value is= (2, 1) divmod value is= (2.0, 0.7000000000000002) binary value is= 0b101 0b101 0b101 octal value is= 0o5 0o5 0o5 hexadecimal value is= 0x5 0x5 0x5 round value is= 10 round value is= 10 round value is= 10.57 round value is= 10.784 sum value is= 9 sum value is= 19 any value is= True any value is= False any value is= True any value is= False all value is= True all value is= False all value is= False all value is= True ascii value is= 'i am a student' ascii value is= 'i am a student' ascii value is= 'i am a student' bool value is= True bool value is= False bool value is= True bool value is= False complex number = (2+3j) complex number = (1.5+3.5j) complex number = (2+0j) complex number Real part = 4.0 complex number Real part = 5.0 complex number conjugate = (4-5j) addition of two complex number= (5+8j) subtractions of two complex number= (3+4j) multiplication of two complex number= (-8+14j) division of two complex number= (3.2-0.4j) Note:-Complex number doesn't support comparison operators(c1>c2,c1<c2 etc.) Watch Lecture 7 Complete Video:-
Library Functions:-
For performing sophisticated mathematical operations,we can use the functions present in modules:-
Math:- It is used for useful mathematics functions.
cmath:- It is used for performing operations on complex numbers.
decimal:- It is used for performing arithmetic operations.
random :- It is used for performing number random number generations.
There are some mathematical functions in math module as follows:-
pi,e # It is constants
sqrt(x) #calculate square root of x
fabs(x) # calculate absolute vale of float x
factorial(x) # calculate factorial of x
log(x) # calculate log of x
log10(x) # calculate base 10 log of x
exp(x) # calculate e raised to x
turn(x) # truncates to integer
ceil(x) # calculate smallest integer >= x
floor(x) # calculate largest integer <= x
modf(x) # calculate fractional and integer part of x
round(x) # Round to a specific number of decimal places.
Note:- round() function is used to round to a specific number of decimal places,whereas trunc() , ceil() and floor() functions always round to zero decimal places.
There are some Trigonometric functions in math module as follows:-
degrees(x)# calculate radians to degree
radians(x) # calculate degree to radians
sin(x) # calculate sine of x radians
cos(x) # calculate cosine of x radians
tan(x) # calculate tan of x radians
sinh(x) # calculate hyperbolic sine of x
cosh(x) # calculate hyperbolic cosine of x
tanh(x) # calculate hyperbolic tan of x
asin(x) # calculate sine inverse of x, in radians
acos(x) # calculate cos inverse of x, in radians
atan(x) # calculate tan inverse of x, in radians
hypot(x,y) # calculate sqrt(x*x+y*y)
import math
print("Value of pi =",math.pi)
print("Value of pi =",math.pi)
print("Value of square root =",math.sqrt(25))
print("Value of fabs =",math.fabs(12.3450))
print("Value of factorial =",math.factorial(4))
print("Value of log(x) =",math.log(5))
print("Value of log10(x) =",math.log10(5))
print("Value of exp(x) =",math.exp(2))
a=2.65
b=-3.15
print("Value of trunc =",math.trunc(a))
print("Value of trunc =",math.trunc(b))
print("Value of ceil =",math.ceil(a))
print("Value of ceil =",math.ceil(b))
print("Value of floor =",math.floor(a))
print("Value of trunc =",math.floor(b))
print("Value of round =",round(a))
print("Value of round =",round(b))
print("Value of pi radian in degrees =",math.degrees(math.pi))
print("Value of degrees in radians =",math.radians(180))
print("Value of sin =",math.sin(10))
print("Value of cos =",math.cos(10))
print("Value of tan =",math.tan(10))
print("Value of sinh =",math.sinh(5))
print("Value of cosh =",math.cosh(5))
print("Value of tanh =",math.tanh(10))
print("Value of asin =",math.asin(1))
print("Value of acos =",math.acos(1))
print("Value of atan =",math.atan(1))
print("Value of hypot =",math.hypot(0,5))
Above program output:- Value of pi = 3.141592653589793 Value of pi = 3.141592653589793 Value of square root = 5.0 Value of fabs = 12.345 Value of factorial = 24 Value of log(x) = 1.6094379124341003 Value of log10(x) = 0.6989700043360189 Value of exp(x) = 7.38905609893065 Value of trunc = 2 Value of trunc = -3 Value of ceil = 3 Value of ceil = -3 Value of floor = 2 Value of trunc = -4 Value of round = 3 Value of round = -3 Value of pi radian in degrees = 180.0 Value of degrees in radians = 3.141592653589793 Value of sin = -0.5440211108893698 Value of cos = -0.8390715290764524 Value of tan = 0.6483608274590866 Value of sinh = 74.20321057778875 Value of cosh = 74.20994852478785 Value of tanh = 0.9999999958776927 Value of asin = 1.5707963267948966 Value of acos = 0.0 Value of atan = 0.7853981633974483 Value of hypot = 5.0
decimal module:- It is used for mathematical operations in python
import decimal
print('decimal value is=',0.2)
a=1.1
b=2.4
c=a+b
print('decimal value is=',c)
Above python code Output:- decimal value is= 0.2 decimal value is= 3.5 cmath module:-Python cmath module provides access to mathematical functions for complex numbers.
import cmath
c=2+3j
modulus=abs(c)
phase=cmath.phase(c)
polar=cmath.polar(c)
print('complex number modulus is=',modulus)
print('complex number phase is=',phase) #angle between vector line and real axis
print('complex number polar coordinates is=',polar) #the straight line joining the two points at which tangents from a fixed point touch a conic section
print('rectangle co-ordinate value is=',cmath.rect(modulus,phase))
print('value of pi is =',cmath.pi)
print('value of e is =',cmath.e)
print('value of exonant is =',cmath.exp(c))
print('value of log2c is =',cmath.log(c,2))
print('value of log10c is =',cmath.log10(c))
print('value of sqrt is =',cmath.sqrt(c))
print('value of sine is =',cmath.sin(c))
print('value of inverse sine is =',cmath.asin(c))
print('value of sine hyperbolic is =',cmath.sinh(c))
print('value of inverse sine hyperbolic is =',cmath.asinh(c))
Above python code Output:- complex number modulus is= 3.605551275463989 complex number phase is= 0.982793723247329 complex number polar coordinates is= (3.605551275463989, 0.982793723247329) rectangle co-ordinate value is= (2+2.9999999999999996j) value of pi is = 3.141592653589793 value of e is = 2.718281828459045 value of exonant is = (-7.315110094901103+1.0427436562359045j) value of log2c is = (1.850219859070546+1.417871630745722j) value of log10c is = (0.5569716761534184+0.42682189085546657j) value of sqrt is = (1.6741492280355401+0.8959774761298381j) value of sine is = (9.15449914691143-4.168906959966565j) value of inverse sine is = (0.5706527843210994+1.9833870299165355j) value of sine hyperbolic is = (-3.5905645899857794+0.5309210862485197j) value of inverse sine hyperbolic is = (1.9686379257930964+0.9646585044076028j) Random number generation functions in random module:-
random() #generate random number between 0.0 & 1.0.
randint(start,stop) #generate random number in given range.
seed (x) #map seed value used in random number generation logic.
randrange(start,stop,step) #it returns a randomly selected element from the given range created by the start,stop and step and step argument
choice() #It returns element randomly from the given list.if list is empty then it so index error.
shuffle() #this function is used to randomly records the elements in the list.
print() # it can be used for sending output to screen.
import random
print("Value of round =",random.random())
random.seed(20)
print(random.random())
random.seed(10)
print(random.random())
print("Value of round_integer =",random.randint(1,100))
print("Value of round_integer =",random.randint(30,95))
print("Value of round_range =",random.randrange(1,10,2))
print("Value of round_range =",random.randrange(1,10,3))
print("Value of round_choice =",random.choice('Ramashanker'))
print("Value of round_choice =",random.choice([10,14,50,70,23,26,80,93]))
number=[10,50,40,20,28,47]
print("Value of round_shuffle =",random.shuffle(number))
print("Value of round_shuffle_recorded =",number)
Above python program output:- Value of round = 0.10603902641997465 0.9056396761745207 0.5714025946899135 Value of round_integer = 55 Value of round_integer = 91 Value of round_range = 9 Value of round_range = 1 Value of round_choice = a Value of round_choice = 93 Value of round_shuffle = None Value of round_shuffle_recorded = [28, 47, 10, 50, 40, 20]
Note:- we have to import that respective modules first in your program,to use respective functions present in that modules.
Some Operations and type Conversions:- This concepts is more helpful for beginners and professionals.You can learn python basic concepts from here with examples.This concepts are more helpful to learn advance python programming also. There are some operations and type conversions in python programs as given below:-
Arithmetic operators :-
+, -, *, /, %, //, **
+ --> Addition of two numbers(digits).
e.g.
a=9
b=5
c=a+b
print(c)
Output:-
14
- --> Subtractions of two numbers.
e.g.
a=10
b=5
c=a-b
print(c)
Output:-
5
* --> Multiplication of numbers.
e.g.
a=10
b=5
c=4
d=a*b*c
print(d)
Output:-
200
/ --> Division of Two numbers.
a=100
b=5
c=a/b
print(c)
Output:-
20.0
% --> It returns remainder
e.g.
a=10
b=3
c=a%b
print(c)
Output:-
1
** --> Exponential operator
e.g.
base=3
exponent=4
result=base**exponent
print("Exponential value is:",result)
Output:-
Exponential value is: 81
OR
Use pow( ) function:-To calculate exponent value on any base,python uses pow()function.
base=3
exponent=4
result=pow(base,exponent)
print(result)
Output:-
Exponential value is: 81
Note:- To calculate exponent value on base e,python uses exp( ) function.
e--> mathematical constant
e=2.71828 (approx)
First import math module for use exp( ) function in python programs.
Syntax:-
math.exp(exponent)
program:
import math
exponent=4
result=math.exp(exponent)
print (result)
Output:-
54.598150033144236
// -->it returns quotient after discarding fractional part(decimal point).
e.g.
a=50
b=3
c=50//3
print(c)
Output:-
16
Compound assignments operators :-
There are following compound assignments operators used in python programs as shown below:-
+= , -= ,/= , %= , **= , //=
a+=5 : #same as a=a+5
a-=5 : #same as a=a-5
a*=5 : #same as a=a*5
a/=5 : #same as a=a/5
a**=5 : #same as a=a^5
a//=5 : #same as a=a//5
Type conversions:- In Python Programs ,we can convert one numeric type to another using built-in function int(),float(),complex(),char(),str() and bool().
1. ) int(float/numeric string)#from float to int & float to numeric string
e.g.
int(3.5) #output: 3
int('786')#output: 786
2.) int (numeric string, base) # from numeric string to int in base
e.g.
int ('123',10)#output: 123
3.) Complex(int / float) # convert to complex with imaginary part 0
